eecs 598-2:smartcards lecture 2 peter honeyman citi hardware memory rom, typically 8-32 kbytes os, utility, comm eeprom, typically 1-16 kbytes custom functionality, file system slow, wears out ram, typically 256-1k bytes memory ram cell about 4 times the size of eeprom eeprom cell about 4 times the size of rom cpu 8-bit )IĀ$(B1(B, e.g., intel 8051 or motorola 6805 instruction set-A usually clocked at 3.5 Mhz => ~400 kips system architectures no such thing as a standalone smartcard! standardization efforts iso 7816 pc/sc ocf set javacard physical characteristics memory card, logic card, smart card contact card, contactless card memory and logic cards memory card eeprom with exposed control lines not programmable early phone cards logic card memory card + authentication contactless microwave power small separation from reader limited programmability (and no crypto!) until recently mifare hardware architecture single chip interconnects not exposed this enhances security single-chip packaging advantages cpu guards memory no wires to attack physical strength in high-stress environment disadvantages 25 mm2 chip size limits chip complexity limits memory capacity memory rom nonvolatile, typically 16-32k bytes programmed into chip mask eeprom nonvolatile, 10-100k write limit, typically 1-16k bytes, cellsize 4x rom ram volatile, cellsize 4x eeprom, typically 1/4-1k bytes coprocessors second processor on the chip usually for modular exponentiation to support rsa cardis '96 paper security features physical examination of memory is difficult design features randomized addressing power monitoring kocher attacks card manufacturing chip fabrication module construction chip is tested connector is attached and wired card manufacture pvc or acetate standard size and strength card manufacturing module insertion milling or melting pre-personalization loads programs and files e.g., payflex application card manufacturing personalization name account number pin printing and embossing branding anti-counterfeit application initialization iso standards 7810 physical characteristics 7811 recording techniques -1 embossing -2 magstripe -3 location of embossing -4 location of tracks 1 and 2 -5 location of track 3 7812 identification of issuers iso standards 7813 financial transaction cards 7816 smartcards -1 physical characteristics -2 contacts -3 t=0, t=1 -4 commands -5 application ids -6 data elements