Smartcard filesystem
ISO-7816
- Standard smartcard interface
- Message framing protocol (too primitive to be usable)
- Many vendor dependencies
Smartcard programming toolkits
- IBM MFC, Microsoft PC/SC, OpenCard framework, EMV’96, PKCS#11, …
- Smartcard-specific everything: language, API, toolkit, library, application, etc.
- Hassle learning toolkit after toolkit
- API dependencies