Security Measure effectiveness of privilege separation: Effect of security problems reported in the past if privilege separation would have been used. Problems prevented by privilege separation; SSH-1 Daemon CRC32 Compensation Attack Detector Vulnerability: Root before authentication. Off-by-one error in channel forwarding: Root after authentication. Double free in zlib compression: Potential root before authentication: Kerberos ticket passing: Root after authentication. Challenge-Response bug: Root before authentication.